It actually solves the problem of low angle radar land clutter by showing the reader how to design and predict the performance of radars that operate in situations where land clutter prevalent. It unifies and integrates results which should enable prediction of land clutter effects in surface radar, needed for lowflying aircraft. The performance of detection can be improved via utilizing the multipath echoes. Keywords bistatic radar, land clutter, effective clutter cross. On the use of lowcost radar networks for collision. Polarimetric backscattering behavior of ground clutter at. Thus, if there are problems with clutter, it may be beneficial to increase the tilt of the antenna. A sitespecific model of radar terrain backscatter and shadowing. First, the reflection coefficient considering the curved earth effect is derived. The result of 20 years of research at mit lincoln lab, this book is of the most significant tehcnological consequence for the industry. Clutter data geographic information systems stack exchange. Cfb level for dpr is generally high over land as compared with that of pr. How radar detect, track, and attack through the clutter.
For smooth terrain and sea surface and low grazing angles. Clutter echoes can be many orders of magnitude larger than target echoes. Physical scale modeling the millimeterwave backscattering. Effect of clutter interference in surface rainfall. Barrie billingsley lincoln laboratory massachusetts i. Clutter model for vhf sar imagery julie ann jackson and randolph l. Ground clutter spectra for low, medium and high prf radars. The magnitude of the backscattered signal is characterized by the normalized radar crosssection. Radar spacetime processing for rangefolded spreaddoppler clutter mitigation by william w. Book low angle radar land clutter measurements and.
For a radar system, clutter refers to the received echoes from environmental scatters other than targets, such as land, sea or rain. Pdf bistatic radars are parts of coherent multistatic radar systems for air targets positioning and tracking. The simulation of ground clutter is the key and knot problem in radar simulation system. This report examines the nature of lowangle radar ground clutter as it has come to be understood.
Abstractin this paper, a practical mean reflectivity model of radar land clutter lc for the complex system design of groundbased radars involved in against low. Nixonb asubmillimeterwave technology laboratory, university of massachusetts lowell lowell, ma 01854 bu. Lowangle radar land clutter measurements and empirical models j. The simulation of ground clutter based on dem is studied. Thus, the combination of a low tilt angle and an inversion at and near the earths surface promotes an abundance of ground clutter. Antonia papandreousuppappola, chair chaitali chakrabarti daniel bliss narayan kovvali.
This thesis looks into land clutter modeling distributions and discrete clutter modeling techniques. Pdf mapping of weather radar ground clutter using the. Optimised scantoscan integration techniques for low. Below is an example radar images using the lowest tilt angle 0. Urban mountains foresthigh relief terrain slopes 2. Professor michael raymond inggs department of electrical engineering university of cape town april 2016 a minor dissertation submitted to the department of electrical engineering, university of cape town, in partial ful. Pdf model comparison of bistatic radar clutter researchgate. Good background in probability, random variables, and stochastic processes. The depression angle used in billingsleys low angle radar land clutter model is the angle below the radar at which a clutter patch is observed by the radar. Lee department of electrical and computer engineering duke university date. This solution avoids selfinterferences while maintaining the hardware simplicity and performance of an isolated lfmcw sensor. Billingsley solves the problem of radar land clutter, where echoes from the earths surface interfere with radar target echoes. Physical scale modeling the millimeterwave backscattering behavior of ground clutter a.
Luke rosenberg presented a tutorial on high resolution land and sea clutter at radar 2015, washington dc, jointly with maria greco. The spanish air force have procured 10 3d long range lanza radars for use in its. Finally, a radar network has been developed to demonstrate that the use of lowcost olfmcw radar transceivers in a. Radar land clutter constitutes the unwanted radar echoes returned from the earths surface that compete against and interfere with the desired echoes. Impact of radar tilt and ground clutter on wind measurements in clear air. Cfb level is approximately 1,000 and 2,000 m at the nearnadir and swath edge, respectively. The results show radar clutter can be mitigated either by reducing the ground area illuminated by the antenna, in the case of surface clutter, or by reducing the pulse duration, in the case of volume clutter. Radar clutter modeling and analysis pdf free download. Barrios abstractradar clutter in a nonstandard atmosphere usually. Icm arises when wind blows on vegetation or other clutter sources.
These radars can distinguish between signal interference, clutter, and the signal with the use of a receiver to transmitter feedback system. Chapter 11 radar clutter modeling and analysis these gaussian variables will have a mean of 0 and variance of 0. Radar systems course 44 clutter 1112009 ieee new hampshire section ieee aes society references 1. Clutter definition clutter is a term used to describe any object that may generate unwanted radar returns that may interfere with normal radar operations. Multiple radar target tracking in environments with high noise and clutter by samuel p. Mapping of weather radar ground clutter using the digital elevation model srtm. Minefield overwatch using moving target indicator radar. Please note that currently the pdf files are windows only, but if you use a different operating system, we can still provide you with the file. Parasitic returns that enter the radar through the antennas main lobe are called main lobe clut. Banks dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the. Multiple radar target tracking in environments with high. Pdf radar clutter in a nonstandard atmosphere usually is modeled based on a single grazing angle at each range.
Comparison of a transhorizon littoral clutter model with. Radar sea clutter modelling and applications instructors. Ground clutter measurements for surfacesited radar dtic. For instance, a sine wave witha frequency exactly equal to the prf. Li shasha automation institute, harbin engineering university, harbin, heilongjiang province, china. Low angle radar land clutter measurements and empirical.
The power levels of the radar returns from these small targets are equal or less than those of clutter peaks. Such echoes are typically returned from ground, sea, rain, animalsinsects, chaff and atmospheric turbulences, and can cause serious performance issues with radar systems. Radar, radar simulation, clutter generation, coherent weibull, weibull pdf, weibull statistics. Clutter can be anything from trees, ground, ocean waves, anything that can produce an unwanted echo return to the radar. Radar land clutter models frequency and grazing angle ranges. This function uses billingsleys model in the calculation. Low grazing angle rre, git, sittrop, tsc, hybrid, nathanson.
This paper focuses on the target detection in lowgrazing angle using a hybrid multipleinput multipleoutput mimo radar systems in compoundgaussian clutter, where the multipath effects are very abundant. Lowgrazing angle detection in compoundgaussian clutter. Clutter is a term used for unwanted echoes in electronic systems, particularly in reference to radars. Simulation of the radar ground clutter based on dem. During radar optimization, tilt is adjusted for the best tradeoff between minimizing closein clutter and maximizing lowangle range. You can be the book low angle radar land clutter measurements and empirical models system to do them send you was based. Polarimetric backscattering behavior of ground clutter at x, ka, and wband. Along the himalayan range, the clutter interference levels are increased by 7501,000 m.
Just make sure to ask for it in the notes section at checkout. The angles used in billingsleys low angle land clutter model are depression angles, which do not include the local terrain slope. This example shows the design of a moving target indication mti radar to mitigate the clutter and identify moving targets. F db frequency band terrain type vhf uhf lband sband xband. The clutter depth from the surface clutter free bottom. Prerequisites good background in mathematics, physics. This clutter sending back signals makes it difficult to find the target you really want to detect. But for the life of me, i cant recall where they got these data files from. Conventional scantoscan integration techniques for detecting small target have been discussed in the literature 2. Army national ground intelligence center, 220 seventh street. One of the biggest challenges in cognitive radars is modeling cluttering and adapting to its surroundings. Littoral model, radar clutter, radar modeling, radar propagation, terrain effects.
Ground clutter mitigation with moving target indication. P billingsleyicmfd,fc,wspeed calculates the clutter doppler spectrum shape, p, due to intrinsic clutter motion icm at doppler frequencies specified in fd. At some instance during the propagation of the pulse, a pulsed radar will illuminate a patch on the surface, defined for low grazing angles to a first order by the pulse length, the antenna azimuth beamwidth and the local grazing angle. Modeling the amplitude distribution of radar sea clutter mdpi. When a low tilt angle is used for vad work, most of the gates used for determining the wind profile will be beyond this distance, and the problem of ground. Moses the ohio state university, department of electrical and computer engineering 2015 neil avenue, columbus, oh 43210, usa abstract we present a physicallybased clutter model for low frequency synthetic aperture radar that includes both. The sidelobe clear and clutter regions can also be expressed in terms of the aspect angle with respect to the target,14 as shown in fig. In our models the grazing angles are computed accounting for. Clutter can also be weatherrain, animals, chaff and atmospheric turbulences. Minefield overwatch using moving target indicator radar anthony donadio, robert ewing, william kenneally, john j.